Ali Naqi Baghershahi
Volume 2, Issue 3 , June 2011, , Pages 1-15
Abstract
The law of Karma and rebirth are among important issues which concern the afterlife, determinism and free will, predestination, and man's fate. Thus, they are discussed in Indian religions and philosophical schools and almost all of them accept the two. They are foundations of their philosophical ideas. ...
Read More
The law of Karma and rebirth are among important issues which concern the afterlife, determinism and free will, predestination, and man's fate. Thus, they are discussed in Indian religions and philosophical schools and almost all of them accept the two. They are foundations of their philosophical ideas. Karma means action and reaction. In other words, whatever the action may be (whether good or evil), it has a reaction. All of them are of the opinion that the order of universe is reflected in human beings' moral system. There is, however, some dispute among researchers concerning the origin of the notion "karma". Some of them are of the opinion that karma has a Vedic origin. Some others think that belief in karma has its roots in the beliefs of pre-Vedic native tribes. Karma and the rebirth are spoken of in Upanishads as well; and separation of the soul from body has been explicitly mentioned there. Karma and rebirth have been explicitly mentioned in Gita as well. In addition, belief in karma may be found in Buddhism and Jainism. In Buddhism, the term "samskara" has been employed which means force, will, making and combining. In Jainism, wandering of the soul in the hierarchy of being has been noted. They believe that we have to free the soul from the prison of body by observing moral principles and piety. From among the contemporary Indian thinkers, Aurobindo has seriously studied the concept of karma. This point has been one of his primary concerns and he has discussed the point within the framework of his own evolutionary doctrine.
Muhammad Hossein Jamshidi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , July 2010, , Pages 1-29
Mehdi Biabanaki
Volume 2, Issue 4 , April 2012, , Pages 1-22
Abstract
What is and how is relationship between science and religion, and modeling this relationship is main purpose of this paper. Approaches that sought to explain the relationship between science and religion (Differentiated perspective and conflict, cross and confirmation) only explore one aspect of this ...
Read More
What is and how is relationship between science and religion, and modeling this relationship is main purpose of this paper. Approaches that sought to explain the relationship between science and religion (Differentiated perspective and conflict, cross and confirmation) only explore one aspect of this relationship and all of them are containing the basic weakness: they do not provide a theoretical model regarding encountering scientific and theological propositions. We can distinguish four areas in this subject: ontological, epistemological, semantic and genetic. This paper explains the relationship between science and religion in two areas: ontology and epistemology; and then provides two models regarding the explanation of this relationship in the two areas. About the ontological model, we use from mechanical view of the DNA molecule and then provide the model based on three concepts: religious truths, natural truths and points of coincidence. Epistemological model to explain the relationship between scientific propositions and theological propositions are presented based on separation the hard core of scientific theories and religious theology from their protective belt of them. After providing the above models, we try to show their logical consistency.
Shirzad Peik Herfeh
Volume 3, Issue 5 , April 2012, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
Classical economic theory tends to recognize Smith as an economist who took a glance to moral philosophy; not a serious moral philosopher with great moral concerns. That is why, The Wealth of Nations was regarded as an independent work from his moral work -The Theory of Moral Sentiments- and became more ...
Read More
Classical economic theory tends to recognize Smith as an economist who took a glance to moral philosophy; not a serious moral philosopher with great moral concerns. That is why, The Wealth of Nations was regarded as an independent work from his moral work -The Theory of Moral Sentiments- and became more popular. However, Smith considered economics and ethics complementary. It must be made beyond question that, for Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations are complementary and not exclusive. He wrote on moral philosophy first and he was more a moral philosopher than an economist. Smith, who is usually regarded as the patron saint of “capitalism” predicted many of its negative consequences such as “wages below the level needed for maintenance,” “exploitation of workers in the colonies,” “alienation in consequence of the division of labor,” “destruction of one’s skills,” and “reduction of workers’ human talents.” He tried to prevent these negative consequences by focusing on some moral issues like “sympathy,” “justice in increasing the level of workers’ wages,” and “equal opportunity for competition in economy.” However, the unilateral interpretation of classical economic theory of Smith’s normative puzzle and neglecting his moral concerns in The Wealth of Nations and The theory of Moral Sentiments made many of his predictions about the negative consequences of “capitalism” come true. Based on Adam Smith’s moral ideas and “Islamic-Iranian Pattern of Development,” this paper tries to put forward a new interpretation of “capitalism” that could be used as a strategy for realizing “Economic Epic” and promoting “National Production.”
Javad Ayar; Majid Mollayousefi
Volume 3, Issue 6 , April 2013, , Pages 1-23
Abstract
Christology in the western tradition is as old as Christianity itself. Jesus Christ is one of the most mysterious characters in the history of Christianity. This vagueness is not due to various conflicting interpretations in regard to the person of Christ which came about much later than the time of ...
Read More
Christology in the western tradition is as old as Christianity itself. Jesus Christ is one of the most mysterious characters in the history of Christianity. This vagueness is not due to various conflicting interpretations in regard to the person of Christ which came about much later than the time of Christ’s emergence as a historical personality. On the contrary, the source of these conflicting views is within the New Testament. On the one hand, some scholars who could be viewed as followers of the Hebraic-Judaic tradition, have attempted to portray a historical image of Jesus rather than insisting on divine nature of Christ who has come to redeem humanity from the ‘First Sin’. The first interpretation is termed as Judeo-Christian vector and the second approach is conceptualized as the Paul-Johnian interpretation of Christianity. In other words, the dominant view is the Paul-Johnian interpretation which has been able to marginalize the other view in the course of history of the Christian religion.
Alinaqi Baqershahi
Volume 4, Issue 7 , May 2013, , Pages 1-18
Abstract
Abstract Hiduism is the religion of the majority of Indians. However, there is a controversy among the orientalists and Indian scholars concerning the nature and origin of Hinduism. It surely possesses authentic sources such as Upanishads, which is the main source of Indian philosophical and mystical ...
Read More
Abstract Hiduism is the religion of the majority of Indians. However, there is a controversy among the orientalists and Indian scholars concerning the nature and origin of Hinduism. It surely possesses authentic sources such as Upanishads, which is the main source of Indian philosophical and mystical schools. In Upanishads, knowledge is considered to be the only path of salvation. Knowledge here refers to the knowledge of ultimate reality, namely Atman and Brahman which can be described only through negative attributes. Atman and Brahman are two sides of the same reality. There is difference of views among Shankara and Ramanuja about this issue.
Hamidreza Ayatollahi; Fatemeh Ahmadi
Volume 4, Issue 8 , July 2014, , Pages 1-23
Abstract
In his explanation of the conflict of evolution and doctrine of creation, Plantinga analyzes the Theory of Evolution. He describes the Theory of Evolution as the "Grand Evolutionary Story" and considers it as consisting of several notions. He takes a stand against the Theory of Common Ancestry, which ...
Read More
In his explanation of the conflict of evolution and doctrine of creation, Plantinga analyzes the Theory of Evolution. He describes the Theory of Evolution as the "Grand Evolutionary Story" and considers it as consisting of several notions. He takes a stand against the Theory of Common Ancestry, which is a part of the evolutionary theory. He believes that atheist interpretations of the Theory of Evolution are caused by inappropriate naturalistic conceptions of the Theory. Instead, as Plantinga holds, theistic interpretations of the Theory can be defended using some scientific and religious theories. He also takes a stance towards science, and advocates and argues for Augustinian science, which is a religious science theory. In this paper, the criticisms leveled against the stance of Plantinga by Hasker and McMullin are discussed and some of Plantinga’s responses are analyzed. Then, we will examine his views and present a critical evaluation of the criticisms. By doing so, we will show how Hasker and McMullin have not understood the core of Plantinga’s ideas. Finally, the failure of Plantinga’s theory in providing a religious interpretation of evolution will be shown.
Shahla Bakhtiyari; Hedyeh Taghavi
Volume 5, Issue 9 , November 2014, , Pages 1-20
Abstract
Abstract The word science has gone through semantic change in different historical periods and in relation to the cultural and social circumstances of the time and thus has been used in various senses. A semantic study of word in the pre- and post-Islamic eras will reveal that the word has been used ...
Read More
Abstract The word science has gone through semantic change in different historical periods and in relation to the cultural and social circumstances of the time and thus has been used in various senses. A semantic study of word in the pre- and post-Islamic eras will reveal that the word has been used in different and even opposite senses. This means that, in the Age of Ignorance (pre-Islamic era), under the time’s prevalent intellectual and cultural way of thinking, the word science was perceived differently than the age of Islam. Due to its historical importance and background, Mo‘allaqāt al-Sab‘a is a useful text for carrying out a semantic study of the word science in the Age of Ignorance. The Qur’an verses, as an important source from which Islamic principles and thoughts have emerged, can be useful for studying semantic change of the word in the pre-Islamic era. This study uses two aspects of semantic relationship, synonymy and antonymy, to do a semantic study of the word science in the Age of Ignorance and the Islamic era. In the antonymy method, the meaning of science has been determined through words which are used in the context as antonyms of science, and in the synonymy method, words which have been used as an alternative to science have been considered to specify the meaning of the word. In the Age of Ignorance, senses of the word science are basically related to the domains of personal experiences and one’s level of understanding the world around him, but in the sense of the word has gained some cognitive aspects in the Qur’an verses.
Reza Berenjkar; Um al-Banin Khalegian
Volume 5, Issue 10 , February 2015, , Pages 1-25
Abstract
There has been disagreement among different schools of thought over the concept of reason and its applications. Therefore, the study at hand presents the viewpoint of the Kufa school of thought about the concept of reason, and reports on the rationalism that was adopted by the outstanding figures of ...
Read More
There has been disagreement among different schools of thought over the concept of reason and its applications. Therefore, the study at hand presents the viewpoint of the Kufa school of thought about the concept of reason, and reports on the rationalism that was adopted by the outstanding figures of this school. This study is comprised of two sections discussing the concept of reason and the Kufa School’s rationalist approaches, respectively. In the first section, issues such as reason’s status, authoritativeness, consequences, impediments, and domain have been discussed. In the second part, the rationalism indices – the manifestations of reason in Imams and their companions in the Kufa school of thought – are presented in three subsections which regard the Imams, the Imams and their companions, and the Imam’s companions. Issues such as religious discussions, inquiries and examinations regarding the religious issues, obtaining the derivative principles from the fundamental principles, examination of anomalous transferred words, and composing refutations are among these indices.
This study, which has adopted the library research method and has been conducted mainly identification and extrapolation of the narrations, presents the importance and the great reliance of the Kufa school of thought on reason, and meanwhile, its consideration of the redlines. Moreover, it recounts the breadth of the reason’s performance and the rationalism indices in relation to the Revelation and in the light of the companions’ adherence to the Imams in the Kufa school of thought.
Muhammad Asghari
Volume 6, Issue 11 , September 2015, , Pages 1-15
Abstract
abstract ...
Read More
abstract
This article tries to show that C.S. pierce as a logician, scientist and philosopher, has religious attitudes in scientific thinking (especial at late period of his life) and such attitudes are relate essential to his scientific philosophy. According to this view, it can be said that the current study want to show that attitude exists in Pierce's works as relationship between science and religion. He belies that this relation has been manifested in scientific method and refers to it as "spirit" or "scientific spirit" or "to want to learn the truth.” He says that there is in religion and science such attitude. According to Pierce, both of them are at one and same direction of this spirit, even he noted religion of science in late period of his life and the issue has been manifested in his work
Majid Khazaie; Muhammad Reza Sotoudehnia; Seyed Mehdi Lotfi
Volume 6, Issue 12 , February 2016, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
Qurtubi’s exegeses in categorization of exegeses has a great place in exegeses of Ray. This exegeses, in spite of its juristic nature in three fields of juristic, rhetorical and exegeses can be discussed. Qurtubi in position of an interpreter consider no room for entrance of wisdom in fields of ...
Read More
Qurtubi’s exegeses in categorization of exegeses has a great place in exegeses of Ray. This exegeses, in spite of its juristic nature in three fields of juristic, rhetorical and exegeses can be discussed. Qurtubi in position of an interpreter consider no room for entrance of wisdom in fields of juristic and rhetoric, but in practical field he has indicated to wisdom. In the field of Quranic studies, he considers a great position for wisdom. For Qurubi exegeses of hadith has positions based on interpreters’ two different views , and by accepting of the place of wisdom in exegeses of Quran, has presented his own definition from wisdom and its importance in exegeses of Quran and stressed insufficiency relying on quotation. This paper tries to define of wisdom based Qurtubi’s view and its place in three fields of juristic, rhetoric, and exegeses.
Mohammad Rasool Ahangaran
Volume 7, Issue 13 , September 2016, , Pages 1-23
Abstract
Abstract The dominant impression among humanistic schools of thought is that the basic belief in spirituality and following the due rites consist man’s requirement. This requirement is determined according to psychical conditions and demands of human being. Such a requirement couldn’t be ...
Read More
Abstract The dominant impression among humanistic schools of thought is that the basic belief in spirituality and following the due rites consist man’s requirement. This requirement is determined according to psychical conditions and demands of human being. Such a requirement couldn’t be basically denied or douted; therefore, authorities, particularly psychologists, have accentuated the necessity to accept spirituality as being an element of appeasement and pacification. But no importance has been rendered whether or not the believed spirituality is definitely sound; wether it is rightly based upon a rational, valid ground or not. In the holy law of Islam, in addition to strongly focusing on and emphasizing this basic requirement, it is mentioned explicitely that faith and belief in spirituality ought to be founded upon knowledge and rationality; and that evaluating man’s behaviour be based on the criteria of knowledge and reason. Moreover, faith and belief will end to salvation and bliss only when they are instituted in indisputabe rational and knowledge bases. The holy Quran and narrations of Ahlulbayt (p.b.u.t.) are the second to none of any other religion in repeating and giving emphasis to learning and reasoning. This invalidates the fallacious readings of the pellucid religion of Islam, in addition to distinguishing between the spirituality recommended by it and that of other schools of thought. While designating the distinctive border between, in one hand, the rational- and-knowledge-based spiritulity in Islam and, in the other, the illusory, imaginary ones, this article is to explain the rational and knowledge bases of spirituality in Islam as well as briefly expressing the philosophy of this foundation. The research follows a discriptive – analytical approach, analyzing the library data after collecting them
Mohammad Taabaan; Ardeshir Shiri; Mahdi Akbarnejad,; Safoura Yousefian
Volume 7, Issue 14 , March 2017, , Pages 1-24
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess and describe the Islamic militarization in the field of social. This method combines research was, qualitative study of qualitative content analysis and focus group and for the purpose of exploration_ Practical. Data gathered by the text and the interpretations of ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to assess and describe the Islamic militarization in the field of social. This method combines research was, qualitative study of qualitative content analysis and focus group and for the purpose of exploration_ Practical. Data gathered by the text and the interpretations of verses from the Holy Quran was. The study population consisted of eight people in the focus group of experts in the fields of management and Islamic jurisprudence, respectively.Findings: The content analysis utilizes the Quran was recognized early 483 code. After collecting the information, content analysis to extract and its components through select system components of the method of forming the final focus group was conducted. Islamic system components of the experts, in eight categories, including pervasive themes: Society has the right orbit, Social vision, Social spirituality, Ethical Communication, Social virtue, Consultation and participation-oriented, Meritocracy, transparency, selflessness and sacrifice is. Conclusion: After the formation of the focus group research model in terms of components: truth-oriented society, consultation and participation, meritocracy and transparency, the most important role in the militarization of social approach.
Ali Naqi Baqershahi
Volume 8, Issue 1 , November 2017, , Pages 1-17
Abstract
عشق یکی از موضوعاتی است که افلاطون در سه محاوره خود به آنها پرداخته و متفکران در شرق و غرب واکنشهای گوناگونی به آن نشان داده اند که در این مقاله فقط به بازتاب آن در جهان ...
Read More
عشق یکی از موضوعاتی است که افلاطون در سه محاوره خود به آنها پرداخته و متفکران در شرق و غرب واکنشهای گوناگونی به آن نشان داده اند که در این مقاله فقط به بازتاب آن در جهان مسیحیت پرداخته می شود. بطورکلی در جهان مسیحیت دو جریان فکری در خصوص عشق وجود دارد که یکی متاثر از افلاطون بوده و متفکران آن معتقدند از آنجاییکه اندیشه های افلاطون سازگار با دین مسیحی بوده و مغایرتی با آن ندارد، از این رو می توان ضمن اعتقاد به سنت مسیحی از فلسفه افلاطون نیز برای فهم بهتر و عمیقتر مفاهیم دینی استفاده کرد. غالب متفکران اولیه کلیسا مانند یوحنا، اوریگن، و آگوستین به این جریان فکری تعلق دارند. جریان بعدی واکنشی بود به جریان اول و پیروان آن احساس می کردند که عناصر یونانی از طریق متفکران اولیه مسیحی وارد دین مسیحیت شده و آن را آلوده کرده است، از این رو در صدد پیراستن و زدودن مسیحیت از اندیشه های یونانی مخصوصا افلاطونی برآمدند. افرادی چون پولس، لوتر و نایگرن به این جریان فکری تعلق دارند. در این مقاله فقط به آراء اوریگن به عنوان نماینده جریان اول پرداخته می شود زیرا او اولین کسی است که پای افلاطون را به جهان مسیحیت کشید، همچنین اشاره ای مختصر نیز به آراء آگوستین خواهد شد. در خصوص جریان دوم نیز به آراء نایگرن پرداخته می شود زیرا او بطور جدی به این مسئله پرداخته و حتی کتابی دوجلدی تحت عنوان آگاپه و اروس نگاشته و در صدد مقابله با جریان فکری اول برآمد
Taghi Poornamdarian; Mohammad Ahmadi
Volume 8, Issue 2 , May 2018, , Pages 1-21
Abstract
Christian letters like Letter to the Hebrews or Epistle to the Galatians are the type texts frequently studied by various approaches. Rhetorical critics also in rhetorical criticism of the Bible have had different and various attitudes and have adopted different approaches. That’s why in recent ...
Read More
Christian letters like Letter to the Hebrews or Epistle to the Galatians are the type texts frequently studied by various approaches. Rhetorical critics also in rhetorical criticism of the Bible have had different and various attitudes and have adopted different approaches. That’s why in recent years rhetorical criticism has come to be known as way of analyzing Christian letters in the bible. In this essay we will study the evolutions and the reasons for changing attitude in rhetorical criticism of the Bible. In the short history of rhetorical criticism stylistic approaches will soon be replaced by the method base on classical rhetoric and after other methods based on interdisciplinary studies will be introduced. Limitations of stylistic approaches which only considered the aesthetical aspects of the letters is one of the most important reasons for the emergence of methods base on classical rhetoric, However the disputes over the relationship between rhetoric and epistolography and the prescriptive nature of these methods lead to other methods based on interdisciplinary studies being introduced.
Jalal Dorakhshah; Seyed Mahdi Mousavinia
Volume 9, Issue 1 , September 2018, , Pages 1-28
Abstract
Determining the components of Good Governance is one of the mental concerns of the present human in the social sphere, which needs to be studied with a thought-based approach. In this paper, we try to extract the essential components of Good Governance during the 10-year government of Prophet Mohammad(PBUH) ...
Read More
Determining the components of Good Governance is one of the mental concerns of the present human in the social sphere, which needs to be studied with a thought-based approach. In this paper, we try to extract the essential components of Good Governance during the 10-year government of Prophet Mohammad(PBUH) in Medina by using theories related to this field and referring to the Islamic thought and the Governmental Sire of him. Sire extraction was done according to the principles of Sire Researching and It has been analyzed by matching theoretical framework. So, in addition to looking at different patterns of state regeneration, new public services, and democratic models of Good Governance, the model of a democratic state, which includes six main components of Good Governance, is more conformity compared to other patterns for analyzing Sire in this subject. By using researchs in in this field, the components of Good Governance are: Legalism, Anti-Corruption, transparency, toleration, Justice-Based, Political participation, effectiveness, and responsibility.
Hamed Safaeipour; Ebrahim Azadegan
Volume 9, Issue 2 , July 2019, , Pages 1-24
Abstract
One of the most controversial and focal inter-disciplinary challenge in filed of science and religion, and contemporary natural teleology, is Teleological Argument (TA) or "Argument from finality" for the existence of God. In this paper by analyzing one of the specific revisions of the TA, named: "Cosmological ...
Read More
One of the most controversial and focal inter-disciplinary challenge in filed of science and religion, and contemporary natural teleology, is Teleological Argument (TA) or "Argument from finality" for the existence of God. In this paper by analyzing one of the specific revisions of the TA, named: "Cosmological Fine-Tuning Argument (CFTA)" (by William Laine Craig), we will criticize main competitor's natural explanations- (a)Multiverse Hypothesis, (b)other kinds of Life, (c) Supper symmetry Breaking theory- and defend this claim that "CFTA is the best explanation for the Fine-Tuning of the Universe". If CFTA is sound and persuasive, "Theistic Finalism" is better explanation than "Atheistic naturalism" for explaining Fine-Tuned state of the world and the way of Atheism, in methodological naturalism (MN), is not a paved way.
Batoul Abdal; Kavoos Roohi; Seyed Mahdi Sajadi; Nehleh Gharavi
Abstract
Every human being is a unique version and no two human beings with the same characteristics can be found in the universe.The scholars of the field of education have referred to individual differences as the "principle of moderation", and this is one of the principles that most have paid attention to. ...
Read More
Every human being is a unique version and no two human beings with the same characteristics can be found in the universe.The scholars of the field of education have referred to individual differences as the "principle of moderation", and this is one of the principles that most have paid attention to. In the Holy Qur'an the verses referring to this are sometimes the basics of education and sometimes the principles of education. This article extracts the verses referring to this category by descriptive and conceptual analysis and analyzes the viewpoints of Quranic commentators. Islamic education scholars have made very brief references to some verses while the Holy Qur'an has endorsed and categorized individual differences between humans, which include physical, mental and social differences. He introduced the features of the system of creation and in some cases the tests of servants. Keyword: PRINCIPLE OF PRACTICE, INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES, QUR'AN INTERPRETERS, ISLAMIC EDUCATION
Hesam Emami Danaloo; Ali Sharifi
Abstract
The philosophical analysis of divine revelation and speech is one of the religious imperatives. The humanity of the words of the Holy Qur'an is a notion that has been created at least since the beginning of the fourth century AH to explain the manner of divine speech, and some among them believe that ...
Read More
The philosophical analysis of divine revelation and speech is one of the religious imperatives. The humanity of the words of the Holy Qur'an is a notion that has been created at least since the beginning of the fourth century AH to explain the manner of divine speech, and some among them believe that according to the principle of "fidelity" it is not possible to create the Holy Qur'an without the intercession of God And so, in the process of revelation, only unformed meanings have been revealed to the Prophet (pbuh), and he has been able to formulate and Arabize the meanings. Hence, after explaining how they tend to conform to the principle of similarity, their perception is analyzed and criticized. So that the principle of similarity does not prevent divine knowledge of the Qur'anic words, and according to their philosophical foundations, which are more stemming from Sadra's philosophy, including the foundations of the unity of being and existence in existence, one can assume with the assumption of the principle of the harmony and simplicity of nature, The words of the Holy Quran are considered to be God's immediate creation.
Fereshte Abolhasani Niaraki
Abstract
Theorizing and analyzing its process is one of the issues in the field of science. In this article, by analyzing the theory, the nature of Islamic theorizing is discussed. Recognizing Islamic theory and explaining it is the basis of research. Based on this analysis, Islamic theory is presented on two ...
Read More
Theorizing and analyzing its process is one of the issues in the field of science. In this article, by analyzing the theory, the nature of Islamic theorizing is discussed. Recognizing Islamic theory and explaining it is the basis of research. Based on this analysis, Islamic theory is presented on two levels: theories extracted from verses and hadiths and theories of Muslim thinkers. The first type, which forms the basis of Islamic theory, can be designed in three areas: (1) intra-religious issues, (2) interdisciplinary issues, and (3) issues belonging to a specific field of science. In this article, by presenting some definitions of theory, a comprehensive definition of theory is retold and the monopoly of the definition of theory based on empirical criteria is criticized. It is possible to present different Islamic theories in science by using the methodology belonging to different fields of sciences, with the specific aim of explaining religious teachings. This article is designed in three parts: (1) what Islamic theory is, (2) analysis of Islamic theory and the process of making theory, and (3) presentation of two types of Islamic moral theory in the form of a case study.
Batoul Abdal; Kavoos Roohi; Seyed Mahdi Sajadi; Nehleh Gharavi
Abstract
Abstract The principles of education through the interconnectedness between educational principles and goals are one of the most important and applicable topics in education. One of the tenets of education is the gradual principle, which has attracted the attention of many early and late educators. In ...
Read More
Abstract The principles of education through the interconnectedness between educational principles and goals are one of the most important and applicable topics in education. One of the tenets of education is the gradual principle, which has attracted the attention of many early and late educators. In the Holy Qur'an, the issue has been raised gradually in numerous verses in the two fields of development and law. Based on the researches, the gradual basis can be deduced from the verses in the field of development and the gradual principle can be deduced from the verse expressed in the field of formation. The commentators of the Qur'an have directly and indirectly addressed this educational principle. Islamic education scholars have referred to a particular class of Qur'anic verses regarding the gradual principle, while there are about 90 verses in the Holy Qur'an that some directly or indirectly refer to the gradual principle. And they can be picked up gradually in education. This descriptive-analytic study has analyzed, analyzed, and analyzed the views of the Qur'anic commentators in reference to the Qur'anic verses and the range of verses that exist on this principle and has concluded that some commentators, including Allameh Tabatabai, cite The verses of the Qur'an directly refer to this principle in education.Keywords: Educational Principles, Gradual Principle, Quranic Commentators, Islamic Education Sciences
Zeinab Amin; Rasoul Rasoulipour
Abstract
Discussion about the divine attributes has a long term history in theology and philosophy. Among all of the divine attributes, “knowledge” has received more attention because of its effectiveness in determining all of the verbal issues related to interpretation of this divine specification. ...
Read More
Discussion about the divine attributes has a long term history in theology and philosophy. Among all of the divine attributes, “knowledge” has received more attention because of its effectiveness in determining all of the verbal issues related to interpretation of this divine specification. Avicenna and Duns Scotus are representatives of the two main theories about the Gos’d knowledge among the Islamic and Christian philosophers whom I have studies and compared in this research. The main difference between these two philosophers in divine knowledge can be recorded as Scotus’ God is a purposeful actor (fa’el-e bel-qasd), however, Avicenna introduces the God as the wise and single-minded actor (fa’el-e-bel-enayah) justifying the creation based on the grace. While there is this big difference, there are many similarities between these two opinions; such as, both of them consider God as a cause for creation. Both believe in existence of creatures in divine knowledge before their real creation without considering reasonable forms or platonic parables as separated creatures. Both of them believe that God has no other purpose except for his essence for creation of universe or human.
Hossein Ejtehadian
Abstract
The main challenge between science and religion often is based on challenge between scientific explanation and religious or metaphysical explanation. Most of scientists hold that when we find the explanation of an event in science then all other explanation will be useless. Generally, there are two views ...
Read More
The main challenge between science and religion often is based on challenge between scientific explanation and religious or metaphysical explanation. Most of scientists hold that when we find the explanation of an event in science then all other explanation will be useless. Generally, there are two views about explanation. The deductive-nomological model (or D-N model) characterizes scientific explanations primarily as deductive arguments with at least one natural law statement among its premises. The second view is inference to the best explanation (IBE). IBE uses various measures of explanatory power to compare competing hypotheses and then make an inference to the best explanation. For instance, the foundation of evolutionary argument against intelligent design is that the scientific explanation makes other explanation invalid. In this article I will show the weakness of this reasoning. Our aim in this article is to examine the logic of evolutionary reasoning against the intelligent design arguments, which is based on the implications of scientific explanation.
seyed mahdi sajadi
Abstract
Advances in technology in the field of artificial intelligence and entering the era of linking biological and digital achievements, depicts the perspective of the utopia of artificial intelligence that seeks to transfer the structure of the biological brain to artificial machines, so that their performance ...
Read More
Advances in technology in the field of artificial intelligence and entering the era of linking biological and digital achievements, depicts the perspective of the utopia of artificial intelligence that seeks to transfer the structure of the biological brain to artificial machines, so that their performance can exceed the performance of modern humans. But the realization of such an ideal, from the point of view of Bruce Reichenbach, is accompanied by theological and philosophical challenges. In this article, by analyzing the content, an attempt has been made to explain and evaluate these alleged challenges from two perspectives of Sadra's wisdom and artificial intelligence specialists in the areas of human identity, spirituality, worship of God, free will, and moral decisions. Although Reichenbach's concerns are significant, they seem to have drawbacks, such as a lack of attention to the survival of primitive patterns and the survival of choice and awareness, the possibility of transmitting religious sentiments in religious experiences, and the possibility of assuming the true God as religious. The possibility of realizing models of free will and the possibility of transition to moral awareness is faced in strong artificial intelligence.
samane shahroodi; Rohollah Adineh
Abstract
AbstractTrue piety and perfection are intrinsic to every human being. According to the demands of the society today, there has been a series of doubts and questions about divine justice and evil issues for the people, especially the younger generation, which is a necessity by which The home is home to ...
Read More
AbstractTrue piety and perfection are intrinsic to every human being. According to the demands of the society today, there has been a series of doubts and questions about divine justice and evil issues for the people, especially the younger generation, which is a necessity by which The home is home to trust and confidence. The existence of bastards and evil in the golden leaves of the infinite book of the universe afflicts every thinker who, if you are the creator of the universe, is omnipotent, absolute, and merciful, how has he permitted the cracks and injustices to penetrate the world. . On the one hand, the atheist philosophers try to perceive the evil of this world incompatible with the mighty and benevolent God, and on the other hand, the heathens try to answer the atheists in a quest to provide logical solutions. This study examines the meaning of evil from the point of view of the martyr Motahari and Augustine. While investigating the types of evil, he examines the problem of evil from the perspective of Augustine and Motahhari, and finally analyzes and criticizes these views. However, both Augustine and Motahari use almost identical concepts such as being non-existent, relative, etc. But they are different from their vocabulary. In this research, we are going to examine scientifically the basis of evil in the world after examining the approach of Augustine and Motahhari to the problem of evil. In the end, do these evils go back to God or to mankind. And how human beings are involved in the evils of evil. And how can they be ruined by managing evils.
