Document Type : .
Author
Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, IKIU, Qazvin, Iran
Abstract
Science of discourse is one of the inseparable requirements of religion and it has always played a decisive role in strengthening its intellectual foundations and faith. The guardians of this science with the establishment of Shiite religion in Safavid Iran in during almost two and a half centuries had obtained the opportunity over the course of nearly two and a half centuries they have had the opportunity to rethink the ancients' Kalām beliefs. In this paper examines the process of historical evolution of the science of discourse influenced by both intellectual and Akhbarism in terms of quantitative achievements relying on the sources of the same era, in a descriptive and analytical way. The historical approach used in this study shows during the first half of the Safavid rule until the time of King Abbas I, Shi'a Mutakallimūns influenced by Khaje Nasir Tusi's rational method, with the new commentary, restores the old Kalāmi works and they defended and expanded the Shiite doctrine against the Sunni rival religion. But in the second half of the Safavid era, science of discourse with domination Akhbaris method on the environment of religious science education distanced largely from the intellectual method of Khaje Nasir, and only Mulla Sadra's efforts to defend and integrate Peripatetic and Ishraqi method in the study of the religious sciences prevented the science of discourse from yielding to the Akkbaris. In addition to recognizing the traditional issues of religious Kalām against Sunnis, Confronting the deviant currents of the Sufis and Christian missionaries were new issues that were at the center of the compilation of Shi'a Kalāmi writings.
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