Document Type : .

Authors

• Fatemeh Ahmadi ¹
• Hossain Fallahiasl ²

¹ Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University.Khorram Abad.Lorestan

² Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Literature, Lorestan University, Khorramabad

Abstract

Dawkins considers evil to be incompatible with the existence of an almighty God and absolute good, and considers it the strongest argument against the belief in God. Accordingly, he rejects theism and supports atheism. According to him, a manuscript entitled "systematic existential evil", explaining that not only the traditional evil and the special events of the world, but the entire biological system is the foundation of evil. Dawkins and theists accept "existential optimism" in the sense that the world is generally good and humans should be happy and grateful to live in it. But by including "existential optimism" in the problem of "systematic evil", it can be shown that the "existential problem of systematic evil" is formulated not only against theism but also against atheism. If evolutionary processes cause pain and suffering for humans and animals, it is impossible for Dawkins to defend existential optimism; Because this issue is based on the conflict between "systematic evil" and "existential optimism". Dawkins' ontology is limited to the material world and he cannot resort to the material world to solve this problem. But the believers can answer this question by appealing to the existence of God and life after death.

Keywords

• "؛ systematic existential evil"؛ traditional evil"؛ biological system"؛ existential optimism"؛ atheism"؛
• "؛ theism"