The relationship between science and religion throughout history (Pre-Renaissance period with emphasis on Islam and Christianity)

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1 PhD student of Islamic philosophy and theology, Shiraz University School of Theology

2 Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Islamic Theology, Shiraz University

3 Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kordestan, Sanandaj, Iran.

10.30465/srs.2020.5675

Abstract

Throughout the history of religious societies, the fate of the sciences, especially rational knowledge has always been at the hands of the theological doctrine of that society. In this research, we used a historical approach to describe and analyze the views of historians on how science and religion interacted in prehistoric times, ancient Greece, and the Middle Ages in the world of Christianity and Islam concludes that science and religion have had dynamic, two-way and diverse relationships with each other. However, since the formation of science, there was always a conflict between theological doctrine and science, especially rational knowledge, both in ancient Greece and the world of Islam and Christianity in the Middle Ages; Although Christianity and Islam both at the beginning of their emergence, led to the growth of science And science itself - the rational Knowledge specifically - also provided the required methods for explaining religious doctrine to Muslim and Christian theologians, but there has always been a kind of incompatibility between the mental­–­psychological structure of the interpreters of religious doctrine, and the findings of rational knowledge.

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