In an era of rapid cultural and technological transformations, examining the coexistence and interaction among religion, science, culture, and technology has become a strategic topic in interdisciplinary studies. This article employs a conceptual analysis method and a systematic review of theoretical and empirical sources to investigate the epistemological and functional differences among these four domains within modern societies. Initially, the fundamental distinctions between religion and science are explored regarding the acceptance of mystery, explanation of phenomena, belief structures, and normative judgments. Subsequently, culture is analyzed as a context for interaction or conflict between these two domains. Technology is also examined as a transformative force in human spiritual and social life, with an emphasis on its ethical and secular implications. In the applied section, a comparative analysis of a regional case study concerning the determination of lunar months in Islamic countries that are members of MABIMS is conducted, focusing on how scientific, cultural, and religious institutions interact in the collective decision-making process. The findings indicate that intelligent interaction among religion, science, culture, and technology can lead to sustainable coexistence, balanced development, and a redefinition of the relationship between tradition and modernity. Finally, new research avenues in interdisciplinary interactions are proposed, including the impact of emerging technologies on the structure of religious beliefs and models of intercultural coexistence in multi-religious societies.